Infrasound, BRAIN ENTRAINMENT,

Phase 1
Theoretical Research into the actual resonate frequency of body parts and psychological responses to low frequency sound is going to have to mapped out, current research within this field lies in military and health and safety work, again collaboration is an essential aspect of this starting phase. Methods of brain wave flipping though bi aural hearing and other exotic sound physiological responses need to be confirmed so the desired effect can be guarantied. The crux of this phase is the methodology towards the realisation of what frequencies in infra sound does toward the human body and how I can produce those.

Phase 2
This part of the project focus’s on the construction of infra sound through sound synthesis and the implantation into a improvised sonic piece that displays a developed sense of musical engineering. Rather than splicing the top and bottom end of the sound spectrum I am attempting to include these parts to a finalised composition. Not simply bombarding the listener with sound but including ultra high frequency and infra sound with in the composition. Although these may not be heard through conventional speakers, the hope is that when played through the correct sound setup, i.e. infra sound speakers the full effect can be experienced, the effect I am attempting to generate is one of relaxation or increased theta brain wave activity coupled with the experience of pseudo synesthestic mixing of the sense’s.

Phase 3
This part focus’s on the generation of actual infra sound through the use of someone else’s infra sound generator, possibly a company or who ever has the means to play such sound. Logistically this part of the project poses the greatest challenge in terms of signal generation and technology, I will need access to a free phone so I can phone many companies, business and arrange meetings, lab tours etc. This phase will be surmised by the actualisation of a finish produced and critically constructed sonic piece. The priority and core of this phase is quality in sound and frequency range, implanted infra sound will be ingrained in the piece and will follow maybe 30 minutes or so to excite theta activity in the brain. The 30min may be spliced to 5min tracks to make a series of compositions. I want to leave the process of the sonic piece to its own growth in terms of sound production outcome and finalise with a full working demonstration either her on campus or using a infra sound generated coupled with a pa system elsewhere which will be documented on video.

In terms of what the actual sonic/musical piece will be like, I want to push my current practise in sound engineering further, my last degree was in fine art and I have made many sound installations, i have experience in music production as I’ve been in many bands and can play guitar and piano. The actual sound piece its self will be recorded through a series of improvised sessions, this is the part of the project were tutors guidance and supervision will be most needed to inform and advise with the sound /sonic piece’s production aesthetic,

The source of the piece itself will be composed from a collection of samples from different sound sources that will be melded together and highly refined on computer, in my attempt to sample things I need access to the best quality mics we have, so for instance when I sample the planes landing from the city airport I can capture as much of the sound spectrum as possible if not, extending the low frequency end to the sound sample artificially on computer. The aesthetic composition and structure of the sound will be a mix of different sound sources, taking the listener through a series of sonic spaces both internal and external, With great emphasis on the experience that the sound produces, both emotionally and physically.

The idea of using pulsed sound and other techniques in music or sound is not new, relaxation cd’s designed for relaxation, pulsed brain entrainment devices and microwaves have all been used to manipulate the mind of the listener and the viewer, however consolidation of research within the effects and mapping of the resonant frequencies and corresponding psychoacoustic effects is required to progress the interdisciplinary nature of sonic affect.

My work however has attempted to view aspects in sonic art and electronic music, concerning notions of space, multi sensory perception and focusing upon the notion of attempting to use sound to create a physiological affect to those within sonic proximity of the source. my work is the endeavour to join the listener to the sound and create a direct “prosthetic” relationship between them. I have attempted to maximise the inherent properties of time-based media by expanding what’s already there.

This work is a move away from conventional music or sonic art/ soundscape, in that the restrictions of rhythm structure and melodic ordering are not followed, however compositional elements and modern production techniques have been acknowledged and applied. The focus on the soundscape that led to the fruition of this track is the area in which mental images are experienced or “sonic sphere’s”. These sensory by-products encapsulate the proximological imagination and aural view generated by experiencing sound.

These spaces that music and sound create, generate as a “feel” of the sonic matter and are areas which sonic space becomes, this virtual soundscape is an area my work gravitates to. The notion of a virtual soundscape lends the idea away from cybernetic culture, of invisible spaces containing separate but interwoven nodes that crystallize the psychedelic cultural ideology of dimensional depth and limitless intelligence. The innumerable sounds awaiting discovery through digital technology, the spaces of sound no ears have heard before, these factors represent the ever-ongoing investigation of sonic matter and the soundscape and are daily entered and explored by people as well as the musician, the sound engineer and the artist.

The term “listener” within the context of low frequency sound improvisational sound/music, could also be termed “experiencing” as sound within this range becomes hepatic in nature as the physical air pressure exerts a sensory influence upon the body. Sound can also produce resonance in objects and also can resonate the body. There’s also the possibility of training the EEG readings of someone’s brain rhythms by pulsing specific frequency’s that the brain mimics called bi-aural beats. In using a bi-aural beat frequency we play 7.8 through one ear and 14.8 through the other, the difference between the two our brain synchronises itself to.

· Sonic software

The writer Kowdo Eshun’s sensibility of description concerning sonic matter relates greatly to the visual and provides the vocalization outlining sound description in word format. His ideas fortify the growing level of imagination and concept engineering required imagining the virtual soundscape. The track “primal resonance” begins with a warm pad smoothing to a gradual scratching crescendo, this is to wake up call urging the listener and bringing in to view a pulsing bass, softening and breathing. A voice emerges from the thick dust of sound intended to create reassurance of native sound to the ear. The voice cries out declaration as a wave of sound washes over the listener, this first wave is a merging and transitional flux of sounds formed in a torrent of chaos.

When referring to this as chaos, I mean, building a feeling of chaos in the listener by overwhelming the audio sense, as bombarding streams of sound converge resulting in building up or crescendo movements within sonic matter. This confused state of chaos resulting also affects the proproceptive sense in which the sense of were your body’s positioned in space is, here in this track audio awareness is literally saturated and becomes turbulent for the listener, as there mind searches for order within the mass of sound, Within the track primal resonance, a amount of listening awareness parallel with the need of attention to detail is preferable but not paramount, thought out all my work, I know all the sounds that go into them and all have been created by an informed judgment, however going back to the analysis, is someone lets themselves relax while listening to the track they will enjoy it more.

However by relaxing the listener rides the sound rather than gets pushed by the sound. At 40 seconds into the track, Im trying to win the listener or tame there ears at least, by subjecting dominating bass frequencies that template the ear into submission to follows it’s path of velocity. Within this track the path or movement and contour breaks forming new spheres of sound. These spheres are cybernetic mechanisms, which facilitate architectures of experience condensed and formalized to there preset breeds. They exist as a mainstream sensory overture, creating sonic structure in the track and are the foundation in which bin aural beat frequencies of 7.8 are attached. 7.8hz also happens to be the Schuman resonance, which is the mean dominant frequency of the earth’s electromagnetic field.

These frequencies and pulsed timing’s that make up the track “primal resonance”, tune the listener to a rhythmic sequence of order, at 1min take off begins sliding them through a series of spaces relaxing and stimulating the brain through the ears. High clipping which flicks in and out of view, push’s bass pulses tunnel ahead, paths of solid sound gyrate to harmonic intensity throughout the track and intend to remind the listener of a primal atheistic underworld inherent in acoustic cyberspace. Modern sounds of planes passing over echo the modern sounds encountered in 2004 but within this track the raw elements of frequency, noise, pulse have been applied, noise’s both native and alien are encountered triggering association and context. I wanted the content in this work to reflect a question of cybernetic culture, through the words in the beginning to the main halls of sonic space in the middle of this track.

The fact im using 7.8hz, which is the earths electromagnetic field and the context of the individual experience, Im also creating a feedback system which listener=hears=feels and generates in there mind a experience of the soundscape, this experience can only be maximised with infrasound speakers or appropriate signal generation apparatus. The interface between human physiology and sound can be expanded though low frequency sound and biofeedback systems that change the brain patterns to create altered states of consciousness could be unlocked and applied in music and sound.

This project is however lacking its greatest strength and full infrasound testing through the correct equipment, there’s so much scope for improvement on this project, I really needed to get my hands on the hardware because the general focus has had to be navigated to the only thing I could get my hands onto which was the audible range and its aesthetic essence of frequency and effect, it would be wonderful if I could play this piece through an extremely loud system would a great frequency response but the context of how it should be listened to has changed. With full sound scale speakers including infrasound and all relevant equipment in a large hall type sound installation, there is no doubt the sound piece “primal resonance” will affect a human physiologically.

There would also be a positive change also if listened to through headphones loud in a relaxing atmosphere. The track would also suit being in a gallery context at very loud levels in a very dark room with low light levels. But these are only hypothetical situations, my work is about the actual experience and there is great emphasis on intuitive insight rather than fixed meanings. I’ve used many different types of instruments to make this composition from guitars; piano, violins and I feel there’s nothing wrong in mutating and recycling sounds to access the virtual soundscape.

These factors inhibiting a full clean test does not devalue the applications for such further work and should be by no means off putting to researchers, I do feel that so many questions remain unanswered, such as is there a relationship between low frequency brain wave entrainment and synesthetic perception? Is there translational prospects concerning light wavelength and frequency in sound ultra and infra?

If I did get to use a infrasound generator or eeg feedback equipment I would have tested to find and map the frequencies that effects on the brain, in fact if I had a large room I would have built a sound lab, with pc recording equipment, analogue reel to reel, oscilloscopes, sub Teutonic plates for infrasound generation and a sound proof room. However the project has mutated on what I’ve had available, the working track “primal resonance” has been a summery of over 24hours of sampling and recording (thanks A.J!), 4 studio sessions at university of east London, 6 3xhr jamming sessions, 4 months of research and 6months before that in the pipeline and the back of my mind plus a friends attic converted to a computer sound lab. If you’re reading this online or at your desk, listen to it loud but not so your speakers pop.

http://www.belljar.net/links.htm
http://www-star.stanford.edu/~vlf/
http://www.testcard.org/
Terence McKenna.http://deoxy.org/gaia/index.htm
Eric Davis websitehttp://www.techgnosis.com/
Norbert wiener http://www.angelfire.com/co/1x137/cyber.html
New Media in late 20th century art, Michael rush, Thames and Hudson 1999
New media: a critical introduction, martin lister, Jon dovey, Seth Giddings, Iain grant, Kieran Kelly, 2003 Rutledge 11 new fetter lane London. Ec4p 4ee
The meaning of meaning, I.A. Richards, London Rutledge and kegan Paul ltd Broadway house, 68-74 carter lane, ec4
Understanding media, Marshall Mcluhan, London Rutledge kegan Paul Ltd, 1964.
The medium is the message, Marshall Mcluhan, Quentin fiore, 1967 gingko press
Jean Baudrillard, selected writings, edited by mark poster Stanford University press 1988
The new media reader, Nick Montfort, Michael Crumpton, MIT press, Cambridge Massachusetts London England, 2003
Techgnosis, myth, magic, mysticism in the age of information, Erik Davis 1998 serpents tail London n4 2bt
Virtual society? Technology, cyberbole, reality, Steve Woolgar, Oxford university press
Audio Culture, readings in modern music, edited by Christopher Cox and Daniel Warner. Continuum books 2004
Our Sonic Environment and The Soundscape, the tuning of the world, R. Murray Schafer, 1994 destiny books

BELOW IS A COLLECTION OF INFORMATION CONCERNING THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AFFECT OF THE SONIC MEDIUM, TAKEN FROM AROUND THE NET AND BEYOND. CREDIT DUE TO THE REDISCOVERS OF THIS INFORMATION.

This is a listing of frequencies that various parties have claimed can affect the human mind or body in some way. The following sorts of frequencies are included :

CYCLES PER SECOND (HERTZ), and Correspondences to MENTAL STATES, PHYSIOLOGY, COLORS, NOTES & PLANETS

These frequencies are of all types; light, sound, electrical, etc. The two- or three-character source codes after each frequency are defined in the bibliography.

0.1-3 Delta range, according to [NEU+CRI] - deep sleep, lucid dreaming, increased immune functions, hypnosis [NEU]; Decreased awareness of the physical world. Access to unconscious information. Dominant brainwave in infants under one year old. This range normally decreases when we focus, but this doesn't happen when a person with ADD - delta waves actually increase when they try and focus. [CRI]; "Monroe focus 21" [MB2 via DW];

0.16 - 10 - Neuralgias [AT]
0.18 - 10 - Mod. therapy [AT]
0.20 - 0.26 - Dental pain [AT]
0.20 - 10 - Post-traumatics [AT]
0.28 - 2.15 - Alcohol addiction [AT]
0.28 - 10 - Arthritis [AT]
0.30 - 0.15 - Depression [AT]
0.30 - 10 - Cervobrachial syndrome [AT]
0.37 - 2.15 - Drug addiction [AT]
0.40 - 10 - Confusion [AT]
0.45 - 10 - Muscle pain [AT]

Below 0.5 - Epsilon range, extraordinary states of consciousness, high states of meditation, ecstatic states of consciousness, high-level inspiration states, spiritual insight, out-of-body experiences, Yogic states of suspended animation. [CNR]

0.5 - very relaxing, against headache [MB], for lower back pain [AS] ; Thyroid, reproductive, excretory stimulant, whole brain toner [SS]

0.5-4 Delta range, according to [SS,PWM+AWI]. Deep dreamless sleep, trance, suspended animation [SS]; Anti-aging. Reduces amount of cortisol, a hormone associated with stress & aging. Increases the levels of DHEA (anti-aging) & melantonin (decreases aging process.) [BAR]; Associated with unconscious mind & sleep state - in conjunction with other frequencies in a waking state, "Delta acts as a form of radar – seeking out information – reaching out to understand on the deepest unconscious level things that we can't understand through thought process." Provides intuition, empathetic attunement & instinctual insight. [AWI]; Conducive to miracle type healing, divine knowledge, inner being & personal growth, rebirth, trauma recovery, "one with the universe" experiences (samadhi), near death experience, characterized by "unknowing", merely a blissful "being" state such as deep sleep or coma. [PWM via DW]

· The anti-aging info comes from a Brainwave Generator preset authored by TheMind2 - he uses binaurals at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 & 4.0 HZ. They all play simultaneously.

1-3 - Delta: deep, dreamless sleep, trance state, non-REM sleep [??]; profound relaxation, restorative sleep, feelings of tranquility&peace, if one can remain aware [VUG via DW]

· There's disagreement over where the delta range begins & ends - [SS,PWM+AWI] list it as 0.5 to 4.0 HZ, [NEU] 0.1 to 3.0 HZ, & [RA] considers it 0.5 to 3.0 HZ.

1.0 - Feeling of well-being, pituitary stimulation to release growth hormone; overall view of inter-relationships; harmony & balance [MB]

1.05 Helps hair grow + get its color back [RA]; pituitary stimulation to release growth hormone (helps develop muscle, recover from injuries, rejuvenation effects) [HSW]

1.45 - Tri-thalamic entrainment format. According to Ronald deStrulle, creates entrainment between hypothalamus, pituitary & pineal. May benefit dyslexics + people with Alzheimer's. [MP2]

1.5 Abrahams Universal Healing Rate [SS]; Sleep [NEU]; Those individuals whose ailments have manifested into the fourth stage of Chronic Fatigue, where some form of disease is apparent, experienced a release from the negative sensation of their symptoms when moved into 1.5HZ. [NYT via NEU]

1.8 Sinus Congestion seems to clear centering around 1.8 HZ [MPT] (tested with binaural beats, primarily)

2.06 Associated with coccyx (small triangular bone at end of the spinal column) [TOS]

2.5 - pain relief, relaxation [MB]; production of endogenous opiates. [EQ]; Use for sedative effect [ESP]; Sedative effect - reported use on bleeding, bruises, insomnia, and sinusitis. [RS] Sexual stimulation? [SX]

3.0 Increased Reaction Time [RT] [SS]; 3.0 HZ & below used to reduce muscle tension headaches, but worked less well on migraines & sinus headaches. [RED]; used to treat allergies, in conjunction with 330 HZ [RS]

3.07 Associated with hara (3cm or 1.5 inch below navel, balance of pelvis) [TOS]

3.5 - Feeling of unity with everything, accelerated language retention [×]; enhancement of receptivity [MB]; Earth Resonance (?) [SS]; (a remedy for) depression & anxiety [ESR]; Wholebeing regeneration, DNA stimulation [EH-d]

· [MPT] I was under the impression the Earth Resonance is 7.83 HZ - unless [SS] is talking about a different earth resonance.

3.5-7.5 - Theta Range [per CRI] - Creativity, intuition, daydreaming, fantasizing, recollection, imagery, dreamlike, switching thoughts, drowsiness; "oneness", "knowing", repository for memories, emotions, sensations. Can lead to trance-like states. Theta strong during internal focus, meditation, prayer + spiritual awareness. Reflects state between wakefulness+ sleep. Relates to subconscious. Observed in anxiety, behavioral activation+behavioral inhibition. Promotes learning+memory when functioning normally. (I think they mean it helps you process what you've learned - if you tried to actively learn while in the theta state, I doubt you'd have success - but sometimes the theta state can give your subconscious a chance to chew the proverbial fat that you've learned during the day, and digest it.) Abnormal in awake adults, but seen in children up to 13 years old. Suppression of theta can help concentration/focus of attention. [CRI]

3.9 (a remedy for) unsociable behavior [ESR]; Theta/Delta brainwave range - crystal clear meditation, lucid dreams, enhanced inner awareness, "facilitates easy access to inner resources & creates space for inner peace + self-renewal". [SED]

4-7 - Theta Range : recall, fantasy, imagery, creativity, planning, dreaming, switching thoughts, Zen meditation, drowsiness; Access to subconscious images, deep meditation, reduced blood pressure, said to cure addictions [SS]; Reset the brain's sodium potassium levels, which cuts down on mental fatigue [INT]; Increases sex drive [INT] ; Meditation, Intuitive Augmentation [NEU]; Near Sleep brainwaves, conducive to profound inner peace, "mystical truths", transforming unconsciously held limiting beliefs, physical & emotional healing, purpose of life exploration, inner wisdom, faith, meditation, some psychic abilities, & retrieving unconscious material. [PWB]; bursts of inspiration, twilight sleep learning, deep relaxation, reverie, high levels of awareness, vivid mental imagery. Hypnopompic & Hypnagogic states [NSS via DW]; Military remote viewers operate in this range [RVX]

· Some disagreement over the theta range - [NEU] lists it as 3.0 to 8.0 HZ. [AWI] lists it as 4.0 to 8.0 HZ. [RA] & [PWB] both have it as 4.0 to 7.0. [DW] divides it into two ranges, Theta1 (3.0-5.5 hz) & Theta2 (5.5-8.0 hz).

4.0 - 8.0 HZ Theta State according to [AWI]+[VUG via DW] - present in dreaming sleep, deep meditation, storehouse of creative inspiration, spiritual connection, subconscious mind [AWI]; creative insight, twilight ("sleep") learning, vivid mental imagery. Found in advanced meditators [VUG via DW]

4.0 - Enkephalins, Extrasensory perception [MB]; Astral Projection, Telepathy, "Seduction mindset" [EI-d]; Catecholamines, vital for memory & learning, respond at around 4 HZ. [PSI]; Subconscious Problem Solving/Full Memory Scanning (if one can manage to stay awake) [RA+CAV via DW]; Associated with object naming, an important aspect of memory [TDM via DW]; "Those who suffer from Chronic Fatigue exhaust very easily. When moved to 4HZ these individuals showed marked improvement in the length of time between the occurrence of exhaustion after certain exercises were completed." [NYT via NEU]

5.0 - unusual problem solving [×] reduced sleep needed, theta sounds replacing need for extensive dreaming [INT] ; relaxed states, pain-relief (beta endorphin increases of 10-50% reported) [INT]; Alleged Sphincter Resonance (mechanical)(not good) [TB]

5.5-8.0 "Theta2" frequency range : .. Consists of trains (long runs) of rhythmic frontal activity centering at 6.5-Hz with amplitudes reaching the 50-100 uV (micro-volt) range. .. Is induced in some people by the performance of a mental task such as mental arithmetic, tracing a maze, counting the number of cubes piled in a three-dimensional representation, & imaging a scene. .. More common in extroverts with low traits of neurosis & anxiety. Because Theta2 is associated with mental tasks & its influence is seen in evoked potential latencies, Mizuki (1987) believes that the appearance of Theta2 closely relates to mechanisms of attention or arousal. [DW]

5.5 - Moves beyond knowledge to knowing, shows vision of growth needed ; "Inner Guidance" [SS]; Inner Guidance, intuition, heat generation [EI-d]

6.0 - 10.0 Creative Visualization - about 6hz for a while, then up to 10hz [NEU]

6.2-6.7 Frontal Midline Theta (Fm Theta) is a specific EEG frequency seen in those subjects actively engaged in cognitive activity, such as solving math problems & playing Tetris [TDM via DW]

6.26-6.6 Hemispheric desync, confusion, anxiety, low Reaction Time, depression insomnia [SS]

6.30 Hz - Mental & astral projection [SS seconded this]; accelerated learning & increased memory retention.[??]; (reduce) Anger + Irritability [ESR]

· I quoted the second entry from [RA] directly, due to its ambiguity. It probably ties into what the 5.5-8.0 HZ entry says above.

6.8 Possible use for muscle spasms [ESR] ; associated with telepathy / Schumann Resonance [DHA]

· [DHA] associated 6.8 HZ with the Schumann Resonance and the Alpha-Theta borderline. I think this is slightly off - most sources consider the lowest frequency of the Schumann Resonance to be 7.83 HZ, and that's also considered the borderline between Theta brainwave and Alpha brainwaves.

6.88 Associated with collarbones (Effects=vitality, overall balance, stability) [TOS]

7.0 - 8.0 For healing purposes, like laying of hands by a healer, or self vizualization in a healing situation [RA]; Treatment of Addictions [DW]

7.0 - Mental & astral projection, bending objects, psychic surgery; Increased Reaction Time [SS]; Mass aggregate frequency (can deaggregate matter), alleged to
resonate & rupture organs at excessive intensity [TB]; Treatment of sleep disturbances [PGS via DW]; Bone growth [NOR]

7.5 - Inter-awareness of self & purpose; guided meditation; creative thought for art, invention music, etc.; contact with spirit guides for direction; entry into meditation [MB]; At 7.5 HZ subjects who before suffered from confused thinking reported an ease at finding solutions to troublesome problems after a re-evaluation was conducted. [NYT via NEU]; (?) Earth magnetic field frequency, useful theta (brain) waves frequency [TB]

7.5 - 8 For Treating Alcohol + Drug Addiction - This range of frequencies tells a person they're satisfied, which is "missing" in addictive personalities [RA]

7.69 Associated with shoulders (Effects=strength of the arms, expansion, teaching) [TOS]

7.8 Schumann Resonance (see 7.83 HZ), ESP activation [EI-d]; Doyere's group (1993), found that short high frequency bursts at 7.7 Hz induced LTP in prefrontal cortex, though only for one day. [AA via DW]

7.83 - Earth Resonance, grounding [×], "Schumann Resonance." [TS, ESR+HSW, MAG]; anti-jetlag, anti-mind control, improved stress tolerance [SS]; psychic healing experiments [ESR]; pituitary stimulation to release growth hormone (helps develop muscle, recover from injuries, rejuvenation effects) [HSW]; Earth Resonance Frequency - 'leaves you feeling revitalized like you've spent a day in the country.' [PWM via DW]; reports of accelerated healing/enhanced learning - "the earth's natural brainwave" [MAG]

· [HSW] notes that higher octaves of the 7.83 Schumann Resonance can also stimulate the pituitary in the same way that 7.83 HZ can - especially 31.32 HZ. (One needs to be careful to distinguish between octaves of the 7.83 Schumann Resonance, and the other six Schumann Resonances, which are not higher octaves of 7.83 HZ.)

8.0-10.0 learning new information [MH]; Alpha - Rapid Refreshment 15 min [NEU]; "LOW ALPHA" inner-awareness of self, mind/body integration, balance [CRI]

8.0-12.0 - Alpha range (per NEU, RA, PWM, NSS & CRI) - light relaxation, "super learning", positive thinking. [NEU]; Conducive to creative problem solving, accelerated learning, mood elevation, stress reduction, etc., characterized by intuitive insights, creative "juice", inspiration, motivation, daydreams etc. Relaxed, yet alert [PWM via DW]; Associated with calm, relaxed, unfocused (not concentrating), lucid mental states, dream sleep & pleasant drifting feelings or emotions. [NSS via DW] ; promotes mental resourcefulness, aids in mental coordination, enhances relaxation, "Can move quickly + efficiently to accomplish whatever task is at hand.", feelings of "at ease" + calm, promotes good moods, a bridge between conscious + subconscious, alpha waves indicate a person is alert but not actively processing information, seen more in extroverts than introverts, seen during creative problem solving [CRI]

· As you can see, different sources contradict each other. Some paint Alpha as a range of relaxed attentiveness, ideal for learning. Others associate it with "daydreaming" [which doesn't sound like it would be good for learning]. Unless they're not talking the "attentive" sort of learning [i.e. sitting in a classroom taking notes], but rather the "trying to assemble it all together in our heads" sort of learning, where our subconscious is doing most of the work in the background, and our conscious mind takes a backseat. I see the Alpha range as the fine line between daydreaming and alertness. It's like a baseball player on a base - he'll move away from the base, so that he can steal if the opportunity presents itself. But he always stays close enough to the base so he can get back in case the pitcher throws the ball to the baseman. Alpha Range is the same way - it's close enough to the "attentive" mental state for us to go to it as needed. But we can also quickly retreat into the realm of sleep if need be. [MPT]

8-13 - Alpha range - Non-drowsy but relaxed, tranquil state of consciousness, primarily with pleasant inward awareness; body/mind integration. ; Amplifies dowsing, empty-mind states, detachment, daydreams, mind/body integration. (can cause) epilectic seizures [SS];

· Note : [NEU], [RA], [PWM], [NSS] + [CRI] consider the alpha range to be 8.0-12.0. [AWI] considers it 9.0-14.0. [VUG] has it as 9.0-13.0.

8.0 - Past life regression [×]; More Lymphocytes, DNA repair (RAD-6) [SS]; Associated with Base/Muladhara chakra (Color=Red) (Body Parts=Adrenals, Spinal Column, Kidneys) (Effects=Physical energy, will to live)(Note=C) [OML]

8.3 - Pick up visual images of mental objects [??]; clairvoyance [SS]; "Monroe Focus 12?" [NEU]

· There's some disagreement over whether these frequencies offer anything to fear when used for binaural beats. Here's the thread from the Brainwave Generator message board : http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bwgen/message/4592

9.0 - 13.0 - Alpha Range (according to [VUG]) - relaxed, not thinking about anything in particular, sometimes a pleasurable feeling of "floating". Often dominant in certain kinds of meditation, alpha waves have for the past twenty years been associated with calm, lucid mental states (the "alpha state"). They're also often detected during dream sleep. This pattern typically occurs in daydreaming, relaxed awareness, guided or focused imagery & smoothly rhythmic athletic activity. There's often a euphoric, effortless feeling of "flow" as the doer is absorbed in activity and subject + object are felt to be united. [VUG via DW]

9.0 - 14.0 Alpha range (according to [AWI]) - Relaxed & detached awareness, visualization, sensory imagery, light reverie. Also, gateway to meditation - provides bridge between the conscious & subconscious mind. [AWI]

9.0 - Awareness of causes of body imbalance & means for balance[×] Blind person phantom touch reading (somatosensory cortex) [RA]; Associated with Sacral/Svadhisthana chakra (Color=Orange) (Body Parts=Gonads, Reproductive System) (Effects=Relationships/Sexuality) (Note=D) [OML]

9.41 - Pyramid frequency (outside) (I can't find a good definition of "Pyramid Frequency". Anybody?)

9.5-10 - Center of Alpha Range - The brain's scanning/idling frequency - indicating a brain standing by, waiting to "give way to beta should attention be required, or be the bridge, the gate, to Theta & Delta for drowsiness, sleep, and certain cognitive challenges. [DW]

· He gives credit for the 'brain scanning' factoid to Eccles & Walter (1950). (It was their conclusion.)

9.6 - Mean dominant frequency associated with earth's magnetic field [EQ]; Facial Toning [ESR] (I'm not completely sure what "facial toning" is.. Anybody?)

10 - enhanced release of serotonin & mood elevator, universally beneficial, use to try effects of other mixes [MB]. Acts as ananalgesic, safest frequency, especially for hangover & jet lag. [EQ] Meg Patterson used for nicotine withdrawal. [MB3] dominant alpha frequency, clarity, normalcy, anti-convulsant, circadian rhythm resync, activate kidneys, raise body temp, more serotonin [SS]; Good when trying to correlate information by the subconscious - Sort of a waiting frequency while the subconscious does the work at lower frequencies. [RA]; Motor impulse coordination (Motor Control cortex) [RA]; Learning a foreign language [RA+PWM via DW]; Centering, Sleep Spindles, Arousal [EI-d]; Associated with Solar Plexus/Manipura chakra (Color=Yellow) (Body Parts=Pancreas, Stomach, Liver, Gall Bladder, Nervous System) (Effects=Spiritual wisdom, self-healing)(Note=E) [OML]; Increased alertness (caused by an increase in norepinephrine + serotonin & a decrease in melatonin), sense of well being & decreased pain (caused by increase in beta-endorphins) [RED]; Adrenal Stimulant [RS]; Significant improvements in memory, reading & spelling are reported (in conjunction with 18 HZ) [RUS via DW]; Treatment for Attention Deficit Disorder/Hyperactivity [LUB via DW]; Treatment for closed head injury [HOF via DW]; 'Berger Rhythm' [BER via DW]; (used on) headaches [RS]; ligament healing [NOR]

10.5 - Frequency for healing of body, mind/body unity, firewalking [×]; potent stabilizer & stimulating for the immunity, valuable in convalescence. [MB] Relaxed alertness, contemplation, body healing, mind over matter [SS] Lowering Blood Pressure [RA+PWM via DW]; Associated with Heart/Anahata chakra (Color=Green) (Body Parts=Thymus, Heart, Blood, Circulatory System) (Effects=Love of Life, love of self&others) (Note=F) [OML]

11.5-14.5 An implication for neurotherapy is that if increased intelligence + mental efficiency is the objective, then a frequency band with a 13-Hz center should be used. A more desirable frequency band than 12 to 15-Hz is 11.5 to 14.5-Hz. [DW]

12.0 - Centering, doorway to all other frequencies [×] ; frequency of earth resonance (Hercules - a researcher); Centering, mental stability, transitional point, time seems faster [SS]; To stimulate mental clarity [ESR]; Associated with Throat/Vishuddha chakra (Color=Blue) (Body Parts=Thyroid, Lungs, Vocal Cords) (Effects=Expression/self in society)(Note=G) [OML]

12.0-36.0 Beta Range [per CRI] - dominant brainwave in alert/awake/anxious adults with their eyes open. Comes into play when "listening & thinking during analytical problem solving, judgment, decision making, processing information about the world around us." [CRI]

12.0-14.0 Learning Frequency - Good for absorbing information passively, when you plan to think about it later. [RA]

· [RA] distinguishes between active studying where you're processing information & passive studying where you're just trying to absorb information + plan to think about it later. For the former, he suggests 36 to 44 HZ.

12.0-15.0 Beta (low) - relaxed focus, improved attentive abilities [NEU+CRI]; Treating Hyperactivity [RA] ; Sensorimotor Rhythm (SMR) - Used in the treatment of mild autism [AUT via DW]

13-27 - Beta Range (according to [NSS]) - Associated with focused attention towards external stimuli, alert mental activity, normal waking consciousness, & active thought processes. [NSS via DW]

13-30 - Beta Range - Normal wakefulness, the taking in & evaluating of various forms of data received through the senses. It's present with worry, anger, fear, hunger & surprise. [×] Waking state, motivation, outer awareness, survival, problem solving, arousal, dendrite growth, combats drowsiness [SS]; Conscious Thinking, Autonomic Processes & Emotions [EH]

· [NSS] considers Beta to be 13-27 HZ, [AWI] considers it 14-38 HZ, [PWM] & [RA] consider it 13-40 HZ, and [VUG] (seems to) consider it 14-30 HZ. [CRI] lists it as either 12-36 or 14-36 - it contradicts itself in different parts of the article.

· [NEU] breaks up Beta into ranges - Low Beta=12-15 HZ, Mid Beta=15-18 HZ, & High Beta=18.0+ HZ. [CRI] does as well.

13-40 Beta Range (according to [RA] + [PWM]) - a high frequency pattern, conducive to stimulating energy + action; most of our current institutionalized education is beta geared, characterized by logical, analytical, intellectual thinking, verbal communication, etc. [PWM via DW]

13.0 - Alleged sphincter resonance (mechanical)(not good) [TB]; Associated with Brow/Ajna chakra (Color=Indigo/Violet) (Body Parts=Pituitary,Lower Brain, Left Eye, Ears, Nose, Nervous System)(Effects=Visualization, Conceptualization)(Note=A) [OML]

13.8 - Associated with Frontal Lobes (Effects=the seventh sense, final decision) [TOS]

14-16 - associated with sleep spindles on EEG during second stage of sleep [EQ] [note SS said 10-14]

14.0-30.0 - Beta Range (?I think? according to VUG) - This pattern is optimal for intense mental activities such as calculations, linear logical analyses & other highly structured functions [VUG via DW]

14.0 - Awake & alert [??]; Alert focusing, vitality, concentration on tasks [SS?]; Schumann Resonance (2nd of 7 frequencies. 7.83 HZ being the first) [TS+HSW]; Intelligence Enhancement in conjunction with 22.0 HZ (medium=audio-visual stimulation) [APE]

· [APE] used audio-visual stimulation alternating between 14 & 22 HZ. Check the link under [APE]'s bibliography entry for more information.

14.1 "Earth Resonance" [SS]; Earth Harmonics - accelerated healing [EI-d] (probably tied to Schumann Resonance above.)

15.0-18.0 Beta (mid) - increased mental ability, focus, alertness, IQ [NEU+CRI]; "alert but not agitated"/"aware of self & surroundings" [CRI]';

· I will vouch for this one - I find binaurally produced tones between 18 HZ & 21 HZ have very pleasant results, in a jogger's high sort of way. This effect seems the strongest around 20 HZ. While other sources equate this frequency range with stress, I'm thinking it might be like the roar of a car engine - in small doses, it can be quite a rush, but too much of it can lead to a headache. The serotonin system is funny like that. [MPT]

15 - chronic pain [MB]; Sound which bypasses the ears for sublimination (auditory cortex) [RA]; Associated with Crown/Sahasrara chakra (Color=Violet/White) (Body Parts=Pineal, Upper Brain, Right Eye)(Effects=Integration of personality & spirituality.)(Note=B) [OML]; capillary formation, fibroblast proliferation, decreased skin necrosis [NOR]

16.0 - bottom limit of normal hearing [MP2]; Release oxygen & calcium into cells [CC]

16.4 Associated with top of head (Effects=spirit, liberation, transcendence) [TOS]

18.0-22.0 - Beta: outward awareness, sensory data [??] ; Throws brain's sodium/potassium levels out of balance, resulting in mental fatigue. [INT]; Theoretically can be used to achieve a "relaxed body/focus mind" state of consciousness [DW]

18.0+ Beta (high) - fully awake, normal state of alertness, stress & anxiety [NEU]; Significant improvements in memory, reading & spelling are reported (in conjunction with 10 HZ) [RUS via DW]; (used to) improve hyperactive behavior [PWM via DW]; Associated with mental activity like math + planning - alert, but may also be agitated [CRI]

20-40 Meditation For Stress Relief/Just At The Edge Of Audible Sound/As A Musical Backround [RA]

20.0 - fatigue, energize. Causes distress during labor.[EQ]; Human Hearing Threshold [SS]; Schumann Resonance (3rd frequency of 7) [TS+HSW]; Imposing subconscious commands on another (thought center) [RA]; Stimulation of pineal gland [ESR][JB] ; Helps with tinnitis (a condition that causes ear-ringing) [JB]; Adrenal Stimulant, (used on) sinus disorders/sinus infection/head cold/headache [RS]; Commonly used "cure-all" Rife Frequency [CR]

22.0 Used in conjunction with 14 HZ for intelligence enhancement (medium=audio-visual stimulation)[APE]; Used in conjunction with 40 HZ for 'out of body' travel [EWI via DW]; Also used with 40 HZ for psychic healing. [FAH via DW]

· [APE] used audio-visual stimulation alternating between 14 and 22 HZ. Check the link under [APE]'s bibliography entry for more information.

25.0 Bypassing the eyes for images imprinting (visual cortex) [RA]; Tested clinically with patients who complain of anxiety [PGS via DW]

27 - 44 Frequency range that cats purr at - said to have restorative effects on the body, particularly the 'healing and strengthening of bones' [BON]

30 - 60 Gamma Range - little known but includes decision making in a fear situation, muscle tension, [EH]

30-500 High Beta: Not associated currently with any state of mind. Some effects have been observed, but currently not enough research has been done in this area, to prove, or disprove, anything.; a few people able to replicate at will (?? - not sure what that last point means)

· Starting at 30 HZ, sources begin to seriously disagree over what the names of each range are.

· [EH] considers 30 to be the beginning of the Gamma range, which it believes run to 60. It then considers 60 to 120 to be the Lambda range.

31.32 Pituitary stimulation to release growth hormone (helps develop muscle, recover from injuries, rejuvenation effects) (this is a higher octave of the 7.83HZ Schumann Resonance) [HSW]

· Note - NOT one of the seven Schumann Resonances - it's a higher octave of the 7.83 HZ Schumann Resonance. I had originally thought it was related somehow to the Schumann Resonance at 33 HZ, and I was wrong. (Sorry.)

· Funky coincidence it lines up with the Christ Consciousness & Pyramid frequency, eh? I've had some interesting results with this one -- particularly when I overlap waves at 9.0 HZ (pyramid outside frequency). The mind tends to wander in funny ways.

36 - 44 Learning Frequencies, When [Actively] Studying Or Thinking. Helps To Maintain Alertness. Waking Operating State [RA]; Frequencies of the olfactory bulb, prepiriform cortex & amygdala [DSH via DW]; Coordinates simultaneous processing of information in different areas of the brain. Associated with high-level information processing. 'A good memory is associated with well-regulated & efficient 40 HZ activity, whereas a 40 HZ deficiency creates learning disabilities.' [CRI]

40.0 - dominant when problem solving in fearful situations. [EQ] ; Gamma - associated with information-rich task processing & high-level information processing [NEU]; "'For scientists who study the human brain, even its simplest act of perception is an event of astonishing intricacy. 40 Hz brain activity may be a kind of binding mechanism', said Dr. Rodolfo Llinas a professor of neuroscience at New York University. Llinas believes that the 40-cycle-per-second wave serves to connect structures in the cortex where advanced information processing occurs, and the thalamus, a lower brain region where complex relay & integrative functions are carried out." [NME via NEU]; Used in conjunction with 22 HZ for 'out of body' travel [EWI via DW]; Also used with 22 HZ for psychic healing. [FAH via DW]; "40--Hz activity varies from 38.8 to 40.1-Hz, regardless of the electrode site. The average frequency is in the ~39.5-Hz range. In summary, when the body is profoundly relaxed & the mind is in a state of high focus and concentration, 20 & 40-Hz brain activity can be seen in the raw and quantitative EEG of some subjects. It is possible that 18 to 22-Hz Beta & possibly 40-Hz neurofeedback training may help create a "relaxed body/focused mind" state of consciousness." [DW]; Activity in the ectosylvian & lateral cortex, medial geniculate, reticular formation, center median thalamus & hippocampus [ROW via DW]; Confirming Sheer et al.'s work,compared the EEG of middle- & high-I.Q. subjects during mental multiplication activity. A 40-Hz rhythm occurred just prior to the subject's answering the question. Forty--Hz pulses are thought to lead to synchronization + coordination of neurons assigned to the processing of incoming sensory stimulation. Put in "computerese," 40-Hz may be the brain's "operating system" frequency [GIA via DW] Involved In The Processing Of Psi Information (see note) [EMC]

· Gamblers were presented a computer screen with four playing cards shown on them, and then asked to guess which of the four cards would appear on the screen by itself next. Their guessing was about as accurate as random chance, BUT when they had their eyes on the correct card that would inevitably turn up, the amount of 40HZ activity registering in their brain was higher. Go here for more information: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bwgen/message/3668

· [TB] gets the award for most ambiguous description. Although, I'm including it since it's a very specific frequency. I'll research it further and try to dig up some additional information.

50-60 Documented negative effects too numerous to mention There is no correlation given with signal strength or modality used, i.e. audio-visual, EMF, magnetic, electrostatic, gravitic. Also, most ELF research is now Govt classified, particularly since the mid-1960's when Hamer discovered behavioral effects as the result of applied sinusoidal field gradients as low as 4 volts. [SS via DW]

50.0 - dominant frequency of polyphasic muscle activity, mains electrical in U.K. [EQ]; Slower cerebral rhythms [??]

60 - 120 Lambda Range - Little known but includes central nervous system activity [EH]

65.8 Associated with coccyx (small triangular bone at end of the spinal column) (higher octave of 2.06 HZ) [TOS]

70 Mental & astral projection ; Endorphin production/used with electroanalgesia. [VPL]

80 Awareness & control of right direction. Appears to be involved in stimulating 5-hydroxytryptamine production, with 160Hz. Combine with 2.5 Hz. [EQ]

90.0 - 111.0 Pleasure-producing beta-endorphins rise between these frequencies. [PSI]

· In the MIDI scale, the notes that would fall in this range begin with F#3 and go up to A3. ["A3" being the fourth octave up -- since there's an A0, and A1, A2 lower than it.] Playing the F#3 and the A3 as a chord seems to function as a good painkiller. An additional undertone in the alpha range of frequencies sometimes helps too. [Try adding a tone around 12.5 HZ].

98.4 Associated with hara (3cm or 1.5 inch below navel, balance of pelvis) (higher octave of 3.07 HZ) [TOS]

· The site specifically mentions it can be good for pain initially, but then recommends using 0.5 or 1.5 to treat pain.

110.0 Frequency associated with stomach. [Note=A] [BH1][BH4]; Associated with ovaries (Effects=vitality, life at very level) (higher octave of 3.84 HZ) [TOS]

120 - 500 P.S.I., moving of objects, changing matter, transmutation, psychokinesis

120 Helps with fatigue (Medium=pad)[JB]; (used on) sinus disorders/sinus infection/head cold [RS]

126.22 - Sun, 32nd octave of Earth year [HC]; The Frequency Of The Sun (Note=C) (Color=Green) (Tempo=118.3 BPM) (Chakra=Manipura, also called Hara {associated with Navel & 3rd lumbar vertebrae}) (Effects=advances the feeling of centering of magic & of the transcendental) [HC/Planetware website]

· There seems to be a little disagreement between [HC] & [HC/Planetware] over what exactly this is the frequency of - [HC] ties this into the period it takes the earth to revolve around the sun, while [HC/Planetware] says this is the frequency it would take an imaginary planet to orbit the outside edge of the sun. My money is on the second, since there is another frequency that is given for the Earth year. (136.1 HZ)

· This is tricky to paraphrase, so here it is as it appeared on the Planetware website :

"Meditation carried out to this tone will lead to state beyond good and bad, shame and guilt, beyond space and time, knowledge and wisdom, action and rest an being and not-being. It leads to a state where being has no name, to a state where the all-one and the all encompassing are no longer separate entities but are reunited at their one common origin, the origin that is also you."

132.0 Associated with kidneys (Effects=strength) (higher octave of 4.11 HZ) [TOS]; Associated with coccyx (small triangular bone at end of the spinal column) (higher octave of 2.06 HZ) [TOS]

136.1 Sun: light, warmth, joy, animus [RV]; Resonates with the earth year (Note=C#) (Color=Turqouise Green) (Effects=calming, meditative, relaxing, centering) [PSI]; Period it takes earth to revolve around sun (Tempo=63.8*127.6) (Chakra=Anahate/Heart chakra)(Effects=relaxing, soothing, balancing, harmony with the cosmos, associated with the soul {"frequency of the soul}) (Medicinal=Sedative) (Other=significant tone in Indian music {called it the "sadja" or "father to others" - it was a keynote} - corresponds to "OM" & the Christian "AMEN") [HC/Planetware website]

· Note : [PSI] seems to disagree a bit with the original source on the list. [PSI] says this one calms/centers, while the original source seems to associate it with happiness. Also some disagreement between [RV] and [HC/Planetware], once associating this with the sun, and the other associating this with the frequency with the earth year. I suppose you could associate the earth year with the sun, since it's the time it takes the earth to go around the sun, but 126.22 HZ uses "frequency of the sun" in a little different context. See the comments with that frequency for more.

140.25 Pluto: power, crisis & changes [??]; Frequency associated with the orbit of Pluto; (Note=C#) (Color=blue-green) (Tempo=65.7 * 131.4 BPM) (Effects = support the magic group dynamic principle and is said to be responsible for integration into certain structures of society) [HC/Planetware website]

141.27 Mercury: intellectuality, mobility [??]; Frequency associated with orbit of Mercury (Note=C# or D) (Color=blue-green or blue) (Tempo=66.2) (Chakra=Vishudda/Throat chakra) (Effects=Supports speech center and communicative-intellectual principle, associated with communication and cleverness) [HC/Planetware]

· [HC/Planetware] says the frequencies of planets revolving around the sun are less important than those of the moon, sun, and Earth.

· Again, I'm not sure how [HC/planetware] is associating these frequencies with these chakras. {shrugs}

· A discrepancy in the note and color - they're both given twice - once as C# and blue-green, the second time as D and blue.

· [HC/Planetware] and [BH] seem to associate different frequencies with the revolutions of each planet - these frequencies are determined by HC/Planetware by taking higher octaves of the actual period - octaves that are in the audible range. [BH] might use even higher octaves than [HC/Planetware] does, or some other method completely.

144.72 Mars: activity, energy, freedom, humor [??] ; Frequency associated with the orbit of Mars (Note=D) (Color=blue) (Tempo=67.8 * 135.6 BPM) (Effect : Supports strength of will and focused energy, ability for achievement) [HC/Planetware]

147.0 Associated with the spleen/blood (Effects=Emotional Impulse) (higher octave of 4.6 HZ) [TOS]; Associated with genitals (higher octave of 2.30 HZ) [TOS]

147.85 Saturn: separation, sorrow, death [??]; Frequency associated with orbit of Saturn (Note=D) (Color=Blue) (Tempo=69.3 * 138.6 BPM) (Effects=enhances concentration and the process of becoming conscious + shows very clearly karmic connections, brings structure and order - is considered to be a cosmic controller) [HC/Planetware]

· I'm not completely sure what the dual tempo means. I'll have to research that further.

160.0 Appears to be involved in stimulating 5-hydroxytryptamine production, with 80 Hz. [EQ]; Use for rapid relief from headaches [ESR]; used on sinus infection/head cold [RS]

165.0 Associated with stomach (Effects=Emotional Acceptance) (higher octave of 5.14 HZ) [TOS]; Associated with bladder (higher octave of 2.57 HZ) [TOS];

· [JM] said to avoid between 165.0 HZ to 170 HZ, "although the repercussions extend for a ways on either side of that." He's not completely clear why he feels this particular range should be avoided. (He had said he'd go into more detail when Awakening Mind II is released.)

171.0 Associated with lungs (Effects=Oxygen, Heat) (higher octave of 5.35 HZ) [TOS]; Associated with intestines (higher octave of 2.67 HZ) [TOS]

172.06 - Resonates with the Platonic year {about 26,000 years} (Note=F) (Color=purple-violet) (Effects=joyful, cheerful, spiritual effect) [PSI]; The Frequency Of The Platonic Year (Color=red-violet {purple}) (Tempo=80.6 BPM) (Chakra=Sahasrar/Crown chakra) (Effects=cheerfulness, clarity of spirit, cosmic unity on highest levels) (Medicinal=antidepressive) (Other=F is considered the tone of the spirit, and had a lot of significance to the Chinese) [HC/Planetware website]

· Other sources [PM] disagree about the tone F being associated with the Crown chakra, which is how HC/Planetware connects this frequency to the crown chakra. [PM] considers the crown chakra to be associated with the B note, and not F.

183.58 - Jupiter: growth, success, justice, spirituality [??] ; Frequency associated with the orbit of Jupiter (Note=F#) (Color=Red) (Tempo=86.05 * 172.1 BPM) (Effects : supports creative power and continuous construction) (Associated with Jupiter : Generosity, Continuity, Magnanimity, Joviality) [HC/planetware website]

194.18 frequency of Synodic "Earth" Day {the "day tone"} (Note=G) (Color=Orange Red) (Tempo=91.0 BPM) (Chakra=Muladhar/Base chakra) (Effects = dynamic, vitalizing)(Medicinal="tonifies") (Other="weather determining" spheric frequency, influences proteins, brings one into harmony with nature") [HC/planetware website]

· Note : By "weather determining", [HC/planetware] seems to imply that somebody tuned into this frequency may be able to predict the weather in the short-term future. I'm just a little, little bit skeptical of this one, but if anybody has any luck with it, let me know.

· I'm not sure how [HC/planetware] is associating these chakras to these frequencies. It doesn't seem to be based on the note, since G isn't the note typically associated with the base chakra [per PM]. The associations might tie in with something astrological instead. {shrugs}.

194.71 - Earth: stability, grounding [??]; Key Of G resonates with frequency of earth day, the color orange-red, & has a dynamic, stimulating, and energizing effect on the body-mind. [PSI]

· There seems to be some disagreement between [PSI] and the original source for this list. [PSI] associates this frequency with energizing, while the original source associates it with stability/grounding.

· I think this one, and the one right below it [197.71 HZ] might be based on the same thing. One source might have done a typo, and then other sources based their information from that.

197.0 Associated with heart (Effects=love,warmth) (higher octave of 6.15) [TOS]; Associated with hara (3cm or 1.5 inch below navel, balance of pelvis) (higher octave of 3.07 HZ) [TOS]

207.36 - Uranus: spontaneity, independence, originality [??]; Frequency associated with orbit of Uranus {insert one of dozens of bad jokes here} (Note=G#) (Color=Orange) (Tempo = 97.2 BMP) (Effects = supports the power of surprise and renewal, has primeval and erotic power) [HC/planetware website]

210.42 frequency of Synodic Moon (Note=G#) (Color=orange) (Tempo=98.6 BPM) (Chakra=Svadisthan {2nd Chakra}) (Effects=stimulates sexual energy, supports erotic communication) (Medicinal=regulation of menstruation, disturbances in the gland and lymph system) [HC/planetware website]

211.44 - Neptune: the unconscious, secrets, imagination, spiritual love [??]; frequency associated with orbit of Neptune (Note=G#) (Color=orange) (Tempo=99.1 BPM) (Effects = supports intuition, the unconsciousness, and enhances the dream experience) [HC/planetware website]

220.0 Frequency associated with lungs. [Note = A] [BH1][BH4] Associated with collarbones (Effects=vitality, overall balance, stability) (higher octave of 6.88 HZ) [TOS]; Associated with ovaries (Effects=vitality, life at very level) (higher octave of 3.84 HZ) [TOS]

221.23 - Venus: beauty, love, sexuality, sensuality, harmony [??]; Frequency associated with the orbit of Venus (Note=A) (Color=yellow-orange) (Tempo=103.7 BPM) (Chakra=Ajna/Third Eye) (Effects=supports higher love energy and aspiration for harmony) [HC/planetware website]

246.04 frequency of Apsidis rotation ; [related to moon] ; [HC/planetware website]

263.0 Associated with mouth (Effects=speech, creativity) (higher octave of 8.22 HZ) [TOS]; Associated with kidneys (Effects=strength) (higher octave of 4.11 HZ) [TOS]

272.0 33rd octave of Earth year [HC]; Frequency associated with Selenium (mineral nutrient) (Note=C#) [BH]

288.0 - Polarity Chakra (9:1) [Note=D] (Mars Orbit 289) [BH3]; Sacral Chakra [MWH]

· I take it by D+, she means a note somewhere between D and D#. A quarter note, perhaps. [MPT]

294.0 - Associated with the upper lip (Effects=emotions, conflict resolution) (higher octave of 9.19 HZ) [TOS]; Associated with the spleen/blood (Effects=Emotional Impulse) (higher octave of 4.6 HZ) [TOS]

304.0 - Useful on headaches (medium=pad); sedation and pain relief (medium=tube) [JB+KFL] ; (useful for) blood pressure, (and with) stiff muscles (KFL); Frequency associated with Potassium (mineral nutrient) (Note=D#) [BH]

320.0 - Solar Plexus Chakra (10:1) (Note=Eb) [BH3] [MWH]; Frequency associated with Calcium (mineral nutrient) (Note=E or Eb) [BH]

329.0 Associated With Nasal Passages (Effects=breathing, taste) (higher octave of 10.3 HZ) [TOS]; Associated with stomach (Effects=Emotional Acceptance) (higher octave of 5.14 HZ) [TOS]

· When [BH2] says the "orbit of the sun", I believe she means how long it would take an imaginary planet to orbit around the sun's outer boundary [circumfrence]. This is how [HC/planetware] made this calculation - the period is then lowered a few octaves to get it into the audible sound range. That's how [HC/planetware] does most of its calculations, and probably how [BH] does it as well. [HC/planetware], when lowering [or in the case of planets raising] the octave, seems to gun for lower tones than [BH] does. The [HC/planetware] tones would be a little "bassier". Which is probably why the frequencies of all these astronomical phenomena that [HC/planetware] gives doesn't line up with the frequencies that [BH] gives.

342.0 - Associated with ears (Effects=hearing, formal concepts) (higher octave of 13.8 HZ) [TOS]; Associated with lungs (Effects=Oxygen, Heat) (higher octave of 5.35 HZ) [TOS]

352.0 - Frequency associated with bladder. (Note=F) [BH1][BH4]; Thymus Chakra (11:1) (Note=F#) [BH3]

· There seems to be a discrepancy here as to which note this frequency is. [BH] cites both F and F#. [MPT]

360.0 - The "Balance Frequency" - brings sensations of joy and healing / derived from the Golden Section / brings balance to health / (per NASA astronauts) the Earth creates a 360 HZ tone in space.) [EI]

384.0 - "Gurdjieff vibration associated with root chakra. Sixth harmonic of six, center of the brainwave spectrum." [RP]; Throat Chakra (12:1) (Note=G) [BH3][MWH]; Frequency associated with Chromium (mineral nutrient) (Note=G?) [BH]

393.0 - Associated with eyes (Effects=Visualization) (higher octave of 12.3) [TOS]; Associated with heart (Effects=love,warmth) (higher octave of 6.15) [TOS]

396 - G (musical note) [PL]; "Liberating Guilt and Fear"/Solfeggio Frequency 'UT' [SE]

400 Seems to decongest [KFL]; Frequency associated with Manganese (mineral nutrient) (Note=G or G#) [BH]

416.0 - Psychic Center Chakra (13:1) (Note=Ab) (Uranus Orbit 415) [BH3]; Frequency associated with Iron (mineral nutrient) (Note=Ab) [BH]

417 - "Undoing Situations and Facilitating Change"/Solfeggio Frequency 'Re' [SE]

421.3 - Frequency associated with orbit of moon (Note=Ab) [BH2]; Also associated with spin of Mercury, but here, she lists the Note as "A" [BH2].

424.0 - (used on) Fatigue (medium=pad) [JB]; Frequency associated with Iodine (mineral nutrient) (Note=Ab) [BH]

· [MWH] calls this A, but it's flatter than the A of Western Music at 440 HZ. One could justifiably call it Ab. It's probably closer to Ab than it is to A.

· For the modern diatonic scale, this would be an A note. [MWH] calls it a B note on their website. I'm not sure if they're perhaps basing this on some older scale. The frequencies that notes exist at have changed over the years.

440 - A (musical note) [PL?] ; Associated with Frontal Lobes (Effects=the seventh sense, final decision) (higher octave of 13.8) [TOS]; Associated with collarbones (Effects=vitality, overall balance, stability) (higher octave of 6.88 HZ) [TOS]

441.0 - The King's Chamber Frequency - acts towards preservation and equilibrium [EI]

· Per [EI]'s website, "Play a 441 HZ tone in a chaotic room and people will find themselves mellowing down." I -dare- somebody to actually test this and see if it holds any water.

464.0 - Frequency associated with Copper (mineral nutrient) (Note=Bb) [BH]; (used on) sinus infections/head colds w/ 728hz,784hz & 880hz [RS]

480 - Crown Chakra (15 : 1) (Note=B) [BH3]; Frequency associated with Phosphorous & Zinc (mineral nutrients) (Note=B) [BH]

492.0 - Frequency associated with Spleen (Note=B) [BH4]; Associated with Cortex (Effects=intelligence) (higher octave of 15.4 HZ) [TOS]

492.8 - Frequency associated with Adrenals (Note=B) [BH1]; Associated with Adrenals, Thyroid & Parathyroid [BH4]

· Disclaimer!! - If you legitly think you have anthrax, do NOT rely on my stupid frequency chart. Go see a doctor. However, if you do want to tinker around, this frequency was used as an EM field, not a sound. I'm not sure if it would work as a sound. Use at your own risk. (That goes for the other anthrax/smallpox frequencies too.)

526 - Associated with top of head (Effects=spirit, liberation, transcendence) (higher octave of 16.4 HZ) [TOS] ; Associated with mouth (Effects=speech, creativity) (higher octave of 8.22 HZ) [TOS]

528 - C (musical note) [PL?]; "Transformation and Miracles (DNA Repair)"/Solfeggio Frequency 'MI' [SE]; "Used by genetic scientists to mend DNA/strengthens cell wall to boost immunity" [EI]

542 - Bio-energetic frequency for Variolinum (i.e. smallpox vaccine). See disclaimer for 500 HZ. [RS]

569 - Bio-energetic frequency for Variolinum (i.e. smallpox vaccine). See disclaimer for 500 HZ. [RS]

588.0 - Associated with the upper lip (Effects=emotions, conflict resolution) (higher octave of 9.19 HZ)[TOS]

633 - Bio-energetic frequency for Anthracinum (i.e. anthrax vaccine). See disclaimer for 500 HZ before even playing with this. [RS]

658 - Associated With Nasal Passages (Effects=breathing, taste) (higher octave of 10.3 HZ) [TOS]

685 - Associated with ears (Effects=hearing, formal concepts) (higher octave of 13.8 HZ) [TOS]

727 (used on) Allergies, Sinusitis [RS]; Commonly used "cure-all" Rife frequency [CR]

787 - Associated with eyes (Effects=Visualization) (higher octave of 12.3) [TOS]; (used to treat) Allergies, Sinusitis [RS]; Commonly used "cure-all" Rife frequency [CR]

802 - (used on) sinusitis with 1550 HZ; (used on) sinus infection/head colds [RS]

832 - Bio-energetic frequency for Variolinum (i.e. smallpox vaccine). See disclaimer for 500 HZ. [RS]

880 - Associated with Frontal Lobes (Effects=the seventh sense, final decision) (higher octave of 13.8) [TOS]; (used on) Allergies, Sinusitis [RS]; (used on) sinus infections/head colds w/ 728hz,784hz & 464hz. [RS]; Commonly used "cure-all" Rife Frequency [CR]

984 - Associated with Cortex (Effects=intelligence) (higher octave of 15.4) [TOS]

1052 - Associated with top of head (Effects=spirit, liberation, transcendence) (higher octave of 16.4 HZ) [TOS]

1550 - (used on) sinusitis with 802 HZ, (used on) sinus infections/head colds [RS];

2675 - "The Crystal Resonator". A subharmonic of the frequency of quartz crystal. "extremely effective for charging and clearing quartz crystals .. useful for clearing and balancing of their own energies. Some claim it energize crystals in the brain. Others say that it activates aspects of the auric field. " (medium=sound/tuning fork) [JG]

3222 - Bio-energetic frequency for Variolinum (i.e. smallpox vaccine). See disclaimer for 500 HZ. [RS]

4400 - (used on) sinus infections/head colds - try scanning between 4384 & 4416 by intervals of 8 HZ. [RS]

5000-8000 HZ - recharge "brain batteries" most rapidly. Fastest recharge at 8000 HZ. "The anxiety-easing, memory-expanding 60-beat tempo creates easy communication with the subconscious mind." [PSI]

5000 - Commonly used "cure-all" Rife frequency [TB+CR]; (used on) allergies, sinus infections/head colds - short use only -- long exposures destroy red blood cells. [RS/KFL]

10,000 - Commonly used "cure-all" Rife frequency [TB+CR]; (used to treat) alcoholism, allergies, headaches [RS]

------- Note - down from this point are PHZ [Petahertz] values, not HZ values (1 PHZ = 1,000,000,000,000,000 HZ.)

The information in green is from this original page. The information I've added is in violet. My personal comments are in light blue. Hyperlinked words have glossary definitions that you can access by clicking on them. To find the original source for any of this information [or where I got it, at least], check the letters in brackets at the end of the entry and refer to the bibliography. This is also where I'll give any indications about what medium the source for the information used (sound, light, EM fields, or vibrations). By default, assume it to be sound.

If you want to redistribute this, please include the Bibliography page as well -- the original sources deserve their reference. Also, please leave my introduction at the top as it is, along with my name, email, and URL.

Disclaimer : I wouldn't take everything you read on this list for granted. Some of it is verifiable by science -- and, there's probably a lot of new-agey crap as well. Although the mere fact some of it sounds new-agey in itself doesn't mean there isn't some truth to it. (The powers that be might have just been too imaginative naming it.)

Disclaimer #2 : Anything you do with the frequencies below is your personal risk - if you manage to burn out a couple of brain cells or harm yourself in some other way, I do not take any responsibility nor will I be held liable. (Just protecting my butt here.)

A4 = 440 Hz
Speed of sound = 345 m/s

Note	Frequency (Hz)	Wavelength (cm)
C0	16.35	2100.
C#0/Db0	17.32	1990.
D0	18.35	1870.
D#0/Eb0	19.45	1770.
E0	20.60	1670.
F0	21.83	1580.
F#0/Gb0	23.12	1490.
G0	24.50	1400.
G#0/Ab0	25.96	1320.
A0	27.50	1250.
A#0/Bb0	29.14	1180.
B0	30.87	1110.
C1	32.70	1050.
C#1/Db1	34.65	996.
D1	36.71	940.
D#1/Eb1	38.89	887.
E1	41.20	837.
F1	43.65	790.
F#1/Gb1	46.25	746.
G1	49.00	704.
G#1/Ab1	51.91	665.
A1	55.00	627.
A#1/Bb1	58.27	592.
B1	61.74	559.
C2	65.41	527.
C#2/Db2	69.30	498.
D2	73.42	470.
D#2/Eb2	77.78	444.
E2	82.41	419.
F2	87.31	395.
F#2/Gb2	92.50	373.
G2	98.00	352.
G#2/Ab2	103.83	332.
A2	110.00	314.
A#2/Bb2	116.54	296.
B2	123.47	279.
C3	130.81	264.
C#3/Db3	138.59	249.
D3	146.83	235.
D#3/Eb3	155.56	222.
E3	164.81	209.
F3	174.61	198.
F#3/Gb3	185.00	186.
G3	196.00	176.
G#3/Ab3	207.65	166.
A3	220.00	157.
A#3/Bb3	233.08	148.
B3	246.94	140.
C4	261.63	132.
C#4/Db4	277.18	124.
D4	293.66	117.
D#4/Eb4	311.13	111.
E4	329.63	105.
F4	349.23	98.8
F#4/Gb4	369.99	93.2
G4	392.00	88.0
G#4/Ab4	415.30	83.1
A4	440.00	78.4
A#4/Bb4	466.16	74.0
B4	493.88	69.9
C5	523.25	65.9
C#5/Db5	554.37	62.2
D5	587.33	58.7
D#5/Eb5	622.25	55.4
E5	659.26	52.3
F5	698.46	49.4
F#5/Gb5	739.99	46.6
G5	783.99	44.0
G#5/Ab5	830.61	41.5
A5	880.00	39.2
A#5/Bb5	932.33	37.0
B5	987.77	34.9
C6	1046.50	33.0
C#6/Db6	1108.73	31.1
D6	1174.66	29.4
D#6/Eb6	1244.51	27.7
E6	1318.51	26.2
F6	1396.91	24.7
F#6/Gb6	1479.98	23.3
G6	1567.98	22.0
G#6/Ab6	1661.22	20.8
A6	1760.00	19.6
A#6/Bb6	1864.66	18.5
B6	1975.53	17.5
C7	2093.00	16.5
C#7/Db7	2217.46	15.6
D7	2349.32	14.7
D#7/Eb7	2489.02	13.9
E7	2637.02	13.1
F7	2793.83	12.3
F#7/Gb7	2959.96	11.7
G7	3135.96	11.0
G#7/Ab7	3322.44	10.4
A7	3520.00	9.8
A#7/Bb7	3729.31	9.3
B7	3951.07	8.7
C8	4186.01	8.2
C#8/Db8	4434.92	7.8
D8	4698.64	7.3
D#8/Eb8	4978.03	6.9

CYCLES PER SECOND (HERTZ),
and Correspondences to MENTAL STATES, PHYSIOLOGY,
COLORS, NOTES & PLANETS

These frequencies are of all types; light, sound, electrical, etc. The two- or three-character source codes after each frequency are defined at the bottom.

0.16 - 10 NeuralgiasAT
0.18 - 10 Mod. therapyAT
0.20 - 0.26 Dental painAT
0.20 - 10 Post-traumaticsAT
0.28 - 2.15 Alcohol addictionAT
0.28 - 10 ArthritisAT
0.30 - 0.15 DepressionAT
0.30 - 10 Cervobrachial syndromeAT
0.37 - 2.15 Drug addictionAT
0.40 - 10 ConfusionAT
0.45 - 10 Muscle painAT
0.5 very relaxing, against headache MG, for lower back painAS
0.95 - 10 WhiplashAT
1-3 Delta: deep, dreamless sleep, trance state, non-REM sleep
1.0 Feeling of well-being, pituitary stimulation to release growth hormone; overall view of inter-relationships; harmony and balanceMG
1.45 Tri-thalamic entrainment format. According to Ronald deStrulle, creates entrainment between hypothalamus, pituitary and pineal. May benefit dyslexics and people with Alzheimer's.MP2
2.15 - 10 TendovaginatisAT
2.5 pain relief, relaxationMG. Production of endogenous opiates.EQ
3.4 Sound sleep
3.5 Feeling of unity with everything, accelerated language retention×; enhancement of receptivityMG
4-6 attitude and behavior changeMH
4-7 Theta: recall, fantasy, imagery, creativity, planning, dreaming, switching thoughts, Zen meditation, drowsiness.
4 Enkephalins; Extrasensory perceptionMG
4.9 Theta brain wave
5.0 unusual problem solving×
5.5 Moves beyond knowledge to knowing, shows vision of growth needed
6.0 long term memory stimulationMG
7.0 Mental and astral projection, psychic surgery
7.5 Inter-awareness of self and purpose, guided meditation, creativity, contact with spirit guides; entry into meditationMG
7.83 Earth Resonance, grounding×, "Schumann Resonance."
8-10 learning new informationMH
8-13 Alpha: relaxed, tranquil and non-drowsy, inward awareness, bodymind
8-14 Qi Gong and infratonic Qi Gong machineQG
8.0 Past life regression×
8.3 Pick up visual images of mental objects
9.0 Awareness of causes of body imbalance and means for balance×
9.41 Pyramid frequency (outside)
9.6 Mean dominant frequency associated with the earth's magnetic fieldEQ
10 enhanced release of serotonin and mood elevator, universally beneficial, use to try effects of other mixesMG. Acts as an analgesic, safest frequency, especially for hangover and jet lag.EQ Meg Patterson used for nicotine withdrawal.MB3
10.2 Catecholamines
10.5 Healing of body, mind/body unity, firewalking×; potent stabilizer and stimulating for the immunity, valuable in convalescence.MG
10.6 Relaxed and alert
12.0 Centering, doorway to all other frequencies×
13-30 Normal wakefulness×
14-16 "associated with sleep spindles on EEG during second stage of sleep"EQ
14.0 Awake and alert
15 chronic painMG
16 bottom limit of normal hearingMP2
18-22 Beta: outward awareness, sensory data
20 fatigue, energize. Causes distress during labor.EQ
27.5 lowest note an a pianoMP2
30 Meg Patterson used for marijuana.MB3
30 - 190 LumbagoAT
30-500 High Beta: a few people able to replicate at will
32 Desensitizer; enhanced vigour and alertnessMG
33 Christ consciousness, hypersensitivity, Pyramid frequency (inside)
35 - 150 FracturesAT
35 - 193 ArthralgyAT
35 Awakening of mid-chakras, balance of chakras
38 Endorphin releaseWL
40 dominant when problem solving in fearful situations.EQ
40-60 anxiolytic effects and stimulates release of beta-endorphinesMG
43 - 193 CarcinomatosisAT
50 dominant frequency of polyphasic muscle activity, mains electrical in U.K.EQ
50 Slower cerebral rhythms
55 Tantra, kundalini×
60 electric power lines
63 Astral projection×
70-9,000 Voice spectrumMP1
70 Mental and astral projection
72 Emotional spectrum
80 Awareness and control of right direction. Appears to be involved in stimulating 5-hydroxytryptamine production, with 160 Hz. Combine with 2.5 Hz.EQ
83 Third eye opening for some people
90 Good feelings, security, well-being, balancing
105 Overall view of complete situation
108 Total knowing
111 Beta endorphinsMR. cell regeneration
120-500 PSI, transmutation, psychokinesis
125 Graham potentializer; StimulationMH
126.22 Sun, 32nd octave of Earth yearHC
136.1 Sun: light, warmth, joy, animusRV
140.25 Pluto: power, crisis & changes
141.27 Mercury: intellectuality, mobility
144.72 Mars: activity, energy, freedom, humor
147.85 Saturn: separation, sorrow, death
160 Appears to be involved in stimulating 5-hydroxytryptamine production, with 80 Hz.EQ
183.58 Jupiter: growth, success, justice, spirituality
194.71 Earth: stability, grounding
207.36 Uranus: spontaneity, independence, originality
211.44 Neptune: the unconscious, secrets, imagination, spiritual love
221.23 Venus: beauty, love, sexuality, sensuality, harmony
250 Elevate and revitalize
272 33rd octave of Earth yearHC
384 "Gurdjieff vibration associated with root chakra. Sixth harmonic of six, center of the brainwave spectrum."RP
396 G (musical note)PL
405 VioletPL
420.82 Moon: love, sensitivity, creativity, femininity, anima
438 Indigo
440 A (musical note)
473 Blue
495 B (musical note)
527 Green
528 C (musical note)
580 Yellow
594 D (musical note)
597 Orange
660 E (musical note)
700 Red
704 F (musical note)
1000 Cerebral neurons
4,186 highest note on a pianoMP2
16,000 - 20,000 Upper range for normal hearingMP2
Slower physiological cycles:CA
Heart: 76 beats/ min
Respiratory: 22 cycles/ min
Kidneys: 24 hour cycle
Stomach: 3 contractions/ min
Intestines: 1 contraction/ min
Muscles: proteins broken down & built every 12 days
Ovaries: 28 day menstrual cycle
Red blood cells: 128 day life cycle
Bone calcium: 200 day replacement

× Michael Hercules' Nustar
Zen Player and B. Giles personal notes
AS AlphaStim (research survey)
AT Auriculotherapy device information from Bentek Corp. Earlobe type electrodes are specified for some conditions, TENS or ECG type electrodes for others. Device has two channels, indicated for each ailment.
CA Compleat Astrologer, Derek & Julia Parker for slower physiological rhythms.
EQ Octaves and windows, Equinox, April 88
MG Megabrain Germany
MB3 Megabrain Report #3, p. 19
MH Mind Expanding Machines: Can the GP Do for the Brain What Nautilus Does for the Body?, by Michael Hutchison, New Age Journal July/Aug 87 Graham potentializer not in production.
MR Megabrain Report Vol 1 #2
MP1 Chant: The Healing Power of Voice and Ear, an interview with Alfred Tomatis, M.D., by Tim Wilson, in Music: Physician for Times to Come, an anthology by Don Campbell
MP2 Sonic Entrainment, by Jonathan S. Goldman, in Music: Physician for Times to Come, an anthology by Don Campbell
PL Power of Limits (see Accords chart) for colors and notes.
QG China Healthways Inst.
RP Astral Travel with Orgone Energy Machine, Ray A. Proper, Fry's Incredible Inquiry
RV Primordial Tones: Meditation on the Archetypal Energies of Celestial Bodies, Joachim-Ernst Berendt, ReVision, Summer 1987 for planets.
WL Wolfgang Ludwig
HC Hans Cuosto, Cosmic Octave, Life Rhythm
Mortal oscillatory frequencies of Rife radio instrument, see Super Science.
Radionic frequencies chart may be obtained from L'ORD Industries.

Electrical wave forms
One of the benefits of working with electrical stimulation is the ability to generate precise and complex waveforms. It is likely that specific waveforms have specific functions. Brain stimulation, frequencies and waveforms are a vast and promising field of experimentation for science.

"Our scientists ... found a way to design the crystals so that they would resonate at a given frequency." See Terence and Dennis McKenna's 1971 attempts to use electron spin resonance frequencies to permanently bond psychedelic molecules with the human genetic code in their book The Invisible Landscape. Also, the CIA has done research with the molecular frequencies of various substances to test their effects on the human nervous system. LSD has a resonant frequency of 11,000 cps (cycles per second) and when the brain is exposed to that frequency hallucinations and other bizarre phenomena are reported. The experiencer has a psychedelic trip from the chemical frequency, without requiring the actual chemical. In 1988 the author and biologist Dr. David Deamer collaborated on a science/art project which consisted of measuring the vibrational frequencies of the four DNA base molecules, translating them into ‘sound,’ programming them into a Yamaha synthesizer and using this tuning system as the basis for original compositions entitled Sequencia (1990 and '94 CD). The realization of biological, infrared frequencies into sound has resulted in unusual insights into the harmonic fabric of DNA, and reactions from listeners suggest that our bodies may have a way of recognizing their own electromagnetic patterns through the resonance of tone. . . One significant constraint with this project required that, rather than ‘mapping,’ or assigning arbitrary pitches to ‘hear’ patterns, the actual vibrational frequencies were to be collected directly from the molecular realm. These frequencies would then be arranged as ‘scales’ of tones, and used as the basis for musical composition. . . .

There are about three billion base pairs in the DNA of each human cell. If they were strung out they would measure about three feet long. Yet each of these bases remains absolutely consistent in its chemical makeup. The four DNA bases, adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine, consist each of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. There exists a variety of chemical structures, including C=O, N-H, C-H, O-H, and C-O whose bonds bend, stretch, and rock upon absorbing infrared light with a specific frequency related to the energy and strength of the bond and the mass of the nucleus of the atom. . . . The tuning system for Sequencia was derived directly from the laboratory chemistry of the four bases, and had nothing to do with a particular gene, or configuration of bases along a helix. . . .

. . . The bases of DNA and RNA have certain resonance frequencies related to the absorption of infrared light. This is a common property of all organic molecules, and in fact infrared spectra are used as a primary diagnostic characteristic in analytical procedures. As the light is passed through the sample, it is absorbed by the sample at specific frequencies and the instrument plots the absorption bands as a spectrum. . . .The problem of getting the frequencies within hearing range can be solved by recognizing that any hertz number divided in half or doubled will produce its corresponding lower or upper octave, respectively, whether it be sound or light. Thus, 8.7 x 1013 Hz can be divided in half, again and again, to create lower and lower octaves. Finally we derive, after dividing 36 times, a workable frequency which, if it were sound, would fall within the range of hearing. Thus we would have for the example above 1266, which is a very comfortable frequency for the ear, corresponding to a (slightly sharp) D#.

The question of ‘translating’ light into sound is more a philosophical one. Sound sped up can of course never be light, since the former depends upon molecules to push around while the second derives from electromagnetic radiation. One could argue that what is important here is not so much the medium but the ratios involved; the relationships between frequencies. . . . By discovering patterns of ratios in light, we are simply translating into a sound medium to "hear" what information they might contain and how they relate to each other. It could also be argued that both light and sound refer back to a common archetype which, as yet, is unknown to us, not unlike cousins who relate back to a common relative.

Again, four base molecules were measured: adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine. Each base molecule after being subjected to light yielded about 15 or 18 frequencies; 60 in all. Once this data was collected, it was iterized down into a hearing range and programmed into a Yamaha DX7 IID synthesizer which would create sound banks from any hertz numbers provided as input. A special electronic keyboard was needed because the tunings that were derived were almost all microtones, or tones smaller than a normal half-step (for instance any c to c#) on a piano. . . .

The four individual bases – adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine – are very similar in terms of the ratio relationships, or the distances between the separate ‘pitches’ within each base. If they are configured like a musical scale, arranged from lowest frequency to the highest, there is about a 2 and l/2 octave span for all four with a noticeable gap, or distance, of a Major 6th/minor 7th in all bases. Intervals on the keyboard are named major and minor seconds, thirds, sixths, and sevenths, depending on how many steps they are away from the beginning note, or tonic. . . .

In addition to difficulty of tone production, microtones play havoc with the idea of ‘key,’ or tonality. What one is working with is a clump of 'random' sounds with no seeming tone order or organization at all. However, something very interesting began to happen. After weeks and weeks of experimenting with different sound combinations on the synthesizer, a tonal center began to emerge. One pitch seemed to draw other pitches to it – to lend coherency to the mass. This pitch turned out to be a kind of a C#, common to all the bases. . . .

. . . If one looks at the pitch chart [Fig. 2 in the original article, unavailable at the below referenced source] one can see that this C# is found in all four bases almost exactly in the middle of each column. Also, it is positioned almost exactly in the center of the absorbency rates, and shows up as the average. This C# seems to act as a balancer for the entire spectrum of frequencies. The pitch which shows up the most frequently and ought to have asserted itself as a tonic, or tonal center, is F#. It is found no less than three times in each base collection. But instead it is its fifth, the C#, which acts as the organizing force. . . .

Are The Frequencies in DNA Bases Harmonically Ordered? They most certainly are. By comparing all 60 pitches one can find all of the precise ratios found in the first 16 harmonics of the overtone series: octaves, P5th, P4ths, Major and minor thirds, Major and minor 2nds and 7ths; even a ‘flat’ seventh. Mathematically, the odds of this happening at random are almost non-existent. It is not known what information is encoded in these ratios, but one particular pattern appears striking. Figure #3 [again, only in the original article] shows a curious leap in all four bases from the pitch F# up to the D# above, roughly a Major 6th/minor 7th. The interval in-between, G to D, contains no measurable frequencies at all. Its mirror, the G to D an octave below, contains a tightly packed cluster of 22 frequencies, over a third of the total frequencies measured.

What is the function of this ‘shadow’ gap? Is it just a coincidence, or are we looking into some kind of anti-matter, fourth dimension? More and more we are finding that things contain their complements; their opposites. It is almost a given ‘law’ of the universe. This ‘gap’ could be important, especially because both are balanced on their lower and upper edges by D#-F# intervals: nine pitches in the lower cluster and 10 pitches in the upper cluster. Almost perfect symmetry. Again, MATH makes processes visible. It decodes meanings. We can see the self-organizing power of the universe, and because the universe is a community it is constantly communicating. Are the sounds of DNA communicating anything to us?Sequencia first begins to communicate through its concept, that we can hear the hidden beauty of life. This helps to give us a perspective – to find our place in the "Great Tone." . . .

. . . These particular DNA ratios, originating in light, are profoundly arresting to the ear. This first wakes up the nervous system, puts it on alert. What follows in sound is then allowed to enter our psyches on a deep level. People report feelings of connectedness, familiarity. "I feel right at home," they say. It is tempting to speculate that the body is recognizing itself, and is communicating this to the psyche.

For example, the third note, frequency 528, relates to the note MI on the scale and derives from the phrase "MI-ra gestorum" in Latin meaning "miracle." Stunningly, this is the exact frequency used by genetic biochemists to repair broken DNA – the genetic blueprint upon which life is based!

I’m experimenting with a chromatic musical scale based on the number 20. The ratios it uses for each note runs like this - 21/20, 22/20, 23/20, 24/20, 25/20, 26/20 .. all the way to 40/20, which would be an octave relative to the base frequency. In decimal format, that would be 1, 1.05, 1.10, 1.15,1.20,1.25, etc .. until you hit 2.0. You just multiply the base frequency by any of these values to generate the various notes of the scale.

Say 200 HZ is the base frequency.. These would be the notes :

Of course, you don't need to use every "note" in this scale at once - like the diatonic scale of Western music, you can create subscales using some of the notes. (Really, it's very rare that all the notes of Western music are used at once [i.e. the chromatic scale].) Since you have more notes to choose from, I think this 20 note to an octave scale would give you more flexibility in creating subscaleshttp://www.lunarsight.com/son-alc.htm

Box X is a method of combining 2 different voices (actually 4, thus
the "box") and entraining the brain using binaural AND monaural
beats. Harmonic (and half-harmonic) BoxX involves focusing on a
specific frequency and multiples of it. Harmonic Box X is an
incredibly effective way to entrain the brain. So far I've found that
it is at least 3 times as effective for me. The deep meditation ones
I made are very fast and effortless in execution. I might upload one
to the files directory if anyone is interested.

This is a quick way to make a harmonic box X (described by James Mann
in Awakening Mind I) in bwgen.
For this demo:
Take a desired binaural beat frequency of 15 (beat)
Take an audible pitch of 500 (pitch)

Step 1) Add voice 1, assign pitch and beat as above
Step 2) Add voice 2
Step 3) For voice 2 pitch, multiply beat by 2 and subtract from
pitch. So pitch - (beat * 2) or 500 - (15 * 2) = 470
Step 4) For voice 2 beat, multiply the voice 1 beat (15) by -1, which
would make it -15

And that's it! You got yourself a harmonic box X
The pitches are now as follows:

V1: 507.5 | 492.5
V2: 462.5 | 477.5

507.5 - 492.5 = 15
462.5 - 477.5 = -15
492.5 - 477.5 = 15 [monaural]
507.5 - 477.5 = 30 [crossover freq]
492.5 - 462.5 = 30 [crossover freq]
507.5 - 462.5 = 45 [monaural]

I've found this to be particularly effective with Schumman frequencies, using 7.83 as the base. Can produce some interesting effects to say the least.

What do cauliflower, a maple leaf, and the Mandelbrot set have in common?

The patterns of nature and the patterns of fractal geometry both reflect the principles of self-similarity and symmetry. In self-similar structures, the part is a model of the whole, and the whole is reflected in the parts. Fractal geometry throws light on nature's own patterns of order and relatedness, and helps us to understand how natural structures achieve a balance between stability and change.

"Philosophy is written in this grand book - I mean universe - which stands continuously open to our gaze, but which cannot be understood unless one first learns to comprehend the language in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and its characters are triangles, circles and other geometric figures, without which it is humanly impossible to understand a single word of it; without these, one is wandering about in a dark labyrinth." - Galileo (1623)

What is a fractal?

B. Mandelbrot
A rough or fragmented geometric shape that can be subdivided in parts, each of which is (at least approximately) a reduced/size copy of the whole.

Mathematical
A set of points whose fractal dimension exceeds its topological dimension.

Chaotic Systems

The classic Mandelbrot below has been the image that has greatly popularised chaotic and fractal systems. The Mandelbrot set is created by a general technique where a function of the form z_n+1 = f(z_n) is used to create a series of a complex variable. In the case of the Mandelbrot the function is f(z_n) = z_n² + z_o. This series in generated for every initial point z_o on some partition of the complex plane. To draw an image on a computer screen the point under consideration is coloured depending on the behaviour of the series which will act in one of the following ways:

(a) decay to 0
(b) tend to infinity
(c) oscillate among a number of states
(d) exhibits no discernible pattern
as well as self similarity. (Object pascal source code by Omar Awile)

Julia Set

Quaternion Julia Set

Lorenz, Rossler, Duffing Attractor

Newton Raphson

Fractal Geometry

Almost all geomtric forms used for building man made objects belong to Euclidean geometry, they are comprised of lines, planes, rectangular volumes, arcs, cylinders, spheres, etc. These elements can be classified as belonging to an integer dimension, either 1, 2, or 3. This concept of dimension can be described both intuitively and mathematically. Intuitively we say that a line is one dimensional because it only takes 1 number to uniquely define any point on it. That one number could be the distance from the start of the line. This applies equally well to the circumference of a circle, a curve, or the boundary of any object.

A plane is two dimensional since in order to uniquely define any point on its surface we require two numbers. There are many ways to arrange the definition of these two numbers but we normally create an orthogonal coordinate system. Other examples of two dimensional objects are the surface of a sphere or an arbitrary twisted plane.

The volume of some solid object is 3 dimensional on the same basis as above, it takes three numbers to uniquely define any point within the object.

A more mathematical description of dimension is based on how the "size" of an object behaves as the linear dimension increases. In one dimension consider a line segment. If the linear dimension of the line segment is doubled then obviously the length (characteristic size) of the line has doubled. In two dimensions, ff the linear dimensions of a rectangle for example is doubled then the characteristic size, the area, increases by a factor of 4. In three dimensions if the linear dimension of a box are doubled then the volume increases by a factor of 8. This relationship between dimension D, linear scaling L and the resulting increase in size S can be generalised and written as

This is just telling us mathematically what we know from everyday experience. If we scale a two dimensional object for example then the area increases by the square of the scaling. If we scale a three dimensional object the volume increases by the cube of the scale factor. Rearranging the above gives an expression for dimension depending on how the size changes as a function of linear scaling, namely

In the examples above the value of D is an integer, either 1, 2, or 3, depending on the dimension of the geometry. This relationship holds for all Euclidean shapes. There are however many shapes which do not conform to the integer based idea of dimension given above in both the intuitive and mathematical descriptions. That is, there are objects which appear to be curves for example but which a point on the curve cannot be uniquely described with just one number. If the earlier scaling formulation for dimension is applied the formula does not yield an integer. There are shapes that lie in a plane but if they are linearly scaled by a factor L, the area does not increase by L squared but by some non integer amount. These geometries are called fractals! One of the simpler fractal shapes is the von Koch snowflake. The method of creating this shape is to repeatedly replace each line segment with the following 4 line segments.

The process starts with a sigle line segment and continues for ever. The first few iterations of this procedure are shown below.

This demonstrates how a very simple generation rule for this shape can generate some unusual (fractal) properties. Unlike Euclidean shapes this object has detail at all levels. If one magnifies an Euclidean shape such as the circumference of a circle it becomes a different shape, namely a striaght line. If we magnify this fractal more and more detail is uncovered, the detail is self similar or rather it is exactly self similar. Put another way, any magnified portion is identical to any other magnified portion.

Note also that the "curve" on the right is not a fractal but only an approximation of one. This is no different from when one draws a circle, it is only an approximation to a perfect circle. At each iteration the length of the curve increases bu a factor of 4/3. Thus the limiting curve is of infinite length and indeed the length between any two points of the curve is infinite. This curve manages to compress an infinite length into a finite area of the plane without intersecting itself! Considering the intuiitve notion of 1 dimensional shapes, although this object appears to be a curve with one starting point and one end point, it is not possible to uniquely specify any position along the curve with one number as we expect to be able to do with Euclidean curves which are 1 dimensional. Although the method of creating this curve is straightforward, there is no algebraic formula the describes the points on the curve. Some of the major differences between fractal and Euclidean geometry are outlined in the following table.

Firstly the recognition of fractal is very modern, they have only formally been studied in the last 10 years compared to Euclidean geometry which goes back over 2000 years. Secondly whereas Euclidean shapes normally have a few characteristic sizes or length scales (eg: the radius of a circle or the length of of a side of a cube) fractals have so characteristic sizes. Fractal shapes are self similar and independent of size or scaling. Third, Euclidean geometry provides a good description of man made objects whereas fractals are required for a representation of naturally occuring geoemtries. It is likely that this limitation of our traditional language of shape is responsible for the stiking difference between mass produced objects and natural shapes. Finally, Euclidean geometries are defined by algebraic formulae.

Fractal Landscapes L-Systems

References

Barnsley, F., and Sloan, A.D.,
A Better Way to Compress Images, Byte Magazine,
January 1988, Pages 215-222

Blumenthol, Leonard. & Menger, Karl,
Studies in Geometry,
W.H.Freeman & Co, 1970

Cantor, G.,
Grundlagen Einer Allgemeinen Mannichfaltigkeitslehre,
Mathematische Annalen, 21, p545-591, 1882

Demko, S., Hodges, L., and Naylor B,
Construction of Fractal Objects with Iterated Function Systems,
Computer Graphics 19, 3, July 1985, Pages 271-278

F.Kenton Musgrave, Craig E Kolb, Robert S. Mace,
The Synthesis and Rendering or Eroded Fractal Terrains,
IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications

Mandelbrot, Benoit.,
The Fractal Geometry of Nature,
W.H.Freeman & Co, NY, 1982

Oppenheimer, P.E.,
Real Time Design and Animation of Fractal Plants and Trees,
Computer Graphics, 20, 4, 1986

Heinz-Otto and Dietmar Saupe,
The Science of Fractal Images,
Springer-Verlag

Peitgen H, Saupe D,
The Science of Fractal Images,
Springer-Verlag, NY, 1988

Prusinkiewicz, P,
Graphical Applications of L-Systems,
Proc. of Graphics Interface 1986 - Vision Interface, 1986, Pages 247-253.

Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz,
Application of L-Systems to Computer Imagery,
Lecture Notes in Computer Science #291, Pages 534-548

Prusinkiewicz, P and Lindenmayer A.,
The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants,
Springer Verleg, 1990, Pages 40-50

Reghbati, H.K.,
An Overview of Data Compression Techniques,
Computer, 14, 4, 1981, Pages 71-76

Smith, A.R.,
Plants, Fractals, and Formal Languages
Computer Graphics, 18, 3, 1984, Pages 1-10

guitar string	frequency	5th fret = 1/4	7th fret = 1/3

E (6)	329.628	1318.512	988.884
B (5)	246.942	987.768	740.826
G (4)	195.998	783.992	587.994
D (3)	146.832	587.328	440.496
A (2)	110.000	440.000	330.000
E (1)	82.407	329.628	247.221

Multiplier	Interval Name	Frequency	Comments
1.00	Unison	200 HZ
1.05	Flat Semitone/Subminor Second	210 HZ	Semitone of Western Music has a multiplier of 1.059.
1.10	Flat Wholetone/Submajor Second	220 HZ	Wholetone of Western Music has multiplier of 1.122.
1.15	Subminor Third	230 HZ	It's midway between the wholetone [1.122] and minor third [1.189] of Western music. It has a nice sound to it used in conjunction with the base frequency and the perfect fifth. (A minor triad using the subminor third in place of a minor third.) Also creates some interesting effects using it with the diminished fifth [1.45] in this scale.
1.20	Just Minor Third	240 HZ	This is the purest minor third of them all, based on the ratio of 6:5 (1.20). Western music uses a minor third of 1.189. Usually the "just" version of an interval creates the beautiful harmonies. In the case of a minor third, though - we're so damn used to the "color" of the minor third of Western Scale, a just minor third sounds strange to us used in chords. (Blame it on heavy metal, who made a living off the minor third of Western Music.)
1.25	Just Major Third	250 HZ	A just major third, based on the ratio of 5:4 (aka 1.25). This scale hits the major third perfectly - the diatonic scale of Western music has a slight error, coming only as close as 1.256. There is a beautiful harmony between a just major third and the base frequency.
1.30	Flattened Fourth	260 HZ	One of the few notes this microtonal scale 'fails' on - it doesn't hit a Perfect Fourth well, which would be 1.33333. Instead, you get two imperfect fourths in 1.30 and 1.35 - you can probably get around this by sliding between them if you're using an instrument that leds you glide. Or perhaps quickly play back and fourth between the two.
1.35	Sharpened Fourth	270 HZ	See above note.
1.40	Augmented Fourth AKA The Tritone AKA The Devil's Note	280 HZ	It's the "tritone", the bane of the Roman Catholic Church and the love of grunge and hardcore musicians everywhere. It possesses the weakest harmonic relationship with the base frequency, but it's not completely without it's charm. Blues will often use it as a quick transition between the Perfect Fourth and Fifth.
1.45	Half-Diminished Fifth?	290 HZ	The "tritone" is sometimes called a diminished fifth, so I guess technically this would be a half-diminished fifth. Not something you see in Western Music at all. I think it's uses are limited, but it possesses a strange harmonic relationship with the subminor third. You might also try it in conjunction with the just minor sixth and harmonic seventh, and possibly the supramajor seventh.
1.50	Just Perfect Fifth	300 HZ	A 'just' perfect fifth, based on the ratio 3/2 - the diatonic scale of Western music doesn't hit this perfectly. (Although it comes reasonably close.) So, as far as this note goes, this is an improvement over the Western diatonic scale.
1.55	Subminor Sixth	310 HZ	I haven't really tinkered with this one yet. It might be a good transition point from the fifth to sixth, but it's uses are probably rather limited.
1.60	Just Minor Sixth	320 HZ	Based on frequency 8 to 5 (i.e. 32/20) - this is what Western Music strives to achieve with its minor sixth, but doesn't quite hit it on the nose.
1.65	Neutral Sixth	330 HZ	This one kind of runs midway between the minor and major sixth of Western music - I'mnot sure how useful it would be.
1.70	Supramajor Sixth	340 HZ	This is a case where Western music's major sixth comes closer to the just ratio of 5:3. Western music's major sixth is 1.682xbase frequency. The just major sixth would be 1.667xbase frequency.
1.75	Harmonic Seventh AKA Subminor Seventh AKA Augmented Sixth	350 HZ	This one is a very special ratio - 7/4 - which is very alien to Western music, but is used frequently in music in other cultures. The closest thing we have to this in western music is a minor seventh [1.782xbase frequency] - but the harmonic seventh is more pleasant than the minor seventh, and has a different 'color' to it.
1.80	Just Minor Seventh	360 HZ	The name for this one is debatable - some consider the truest minor seventh to be the ratio of 16:9, or 1.7778xbase frequency. And some consider it to be 9:5, which is what 1.80xbase frequency is. The minor seventh of western music is 1.782xbase frequency. So depending on which one you consider to be the 'true' just minor seventh, the minor seventh of this microtonal scale either hits it perfectly, or is even further off that that of Western Music
1.85	Submajor Seventh	370 HZ	It's a little bit lower than both a just major seventh [1.875] and the Western major seventh [1.8888].
1.90	Supramajor Seventh	380 HZ	Slightly higher than the just major seventh. So, essentially, this microtonal scale gives you two major sevenths you can experiment with.
1.95	Diminished Octave	390 HZ	This is a strange one - there's nothing in Western music like this. I'm not sure how useful it is. I haven't really played with it yet.
2.00	Octave	400 HZ	Your run-of-the-mill octave - and so the scale begins again.

Musical scale	Average law (Hz)
A	440.0
A#	466.1
B	493.8
C	523.2
C#	554.3
D	587.3
D#	622.2
E	659.2
F	698.4
F#	739.9
G	783.9
G#	830.6
A	880.0

Outline